Chapter 9: Applications of Genetics 2 marks: 1. What is genetic counseling? Ans : i. Genetic counseling is the process of hwlping people to understand and cope up with the medical, psychological and familial implications of the genetic diseases. ii. It is of two types: a. Prospective counseling b. Retrospective counseling 2. What is genetic engineering? Ans: i. Manipulation in the genetic make-up of an organism is called as genetic engineering. ii. The organism is called as genetically engineered organism. 3. Explain cloning. Ans: i. It is a process in which exact copy of the original gene or organism is prepared. ii. Cloning can be limited to genetic level or even organisms i.e. plants and animals can also be cloned e.g. Dolly sheep. 4. What is restriction enzyme? Ans: i. It is a
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